ANTECEDENT

The World nowadays have one architecture pattern. Materialization of is "Modern Architecture" so called also as "Architecture International Style". This Pattern is result of from progress and growth of 19th century technology and resulting some of requirement and clauses of life become; is same relative societies in world.

Ownership of building technique, technological develop;build. industrial product construction material and also standard education of architect/same technician, ad for and apply everywhere, what later;then strengthen tendency of architecture face in metropolises and towns in world become Ianguage and tone. This Style genesis and history growth of him, have been long enough isn't it and written by people, and nowadays have is knowledge concerning world architecture history.

At others, although do not be packed into part of knowledge concerning above mentioned world architecture history, real parts of other this world there are still more architecture with pattern which is very differ from modern pattern. Many people have never known, even it is true people not yet given the name at architecture this type. We may name architecture him of vernacular, anonymous architecture, rural architecture, original architecture (indigenous), natural architecture (spontaneous), or anything, clear but it is local architecture, very typical, which woke up traditional of pertinent society culture.

Indonesian have a lot of local architectures a kind of this, with the manner of which is rich very spread in our archipelago. Local Architecture type in all sort of area in Indonesia, ad for is the source oves information for knowledge specially concerning typical physical environment and building of indigenous society of pertinent area.

This interconnected to local architectures basically sliver with residence or dwelling along with his complement structure and buildings (mow, altar, outbuildings, etc). that Dwelling buildings is founded according to concepts, by norms and values their ancestors. Materialization of form as the result of like seen in this time can be assumed not differ far from materialization of form result is same tradition at a period to ago although big and small changes might possibly happened a period to which ago.

Thereby, if us perceive buildings in "enclave" local architecture now this, assumed by local society members as building which is structure and its for is as according to cultural tradition of them, at least, he earns to be considered by materialization is same them tradition in old world.
On the basis of this ascription, such local architecture such as above in this article will be conceived of [by] traditional architecture because statement its for as according to methods confessed with or still embraced by most society members as hereditary tradition. Nowadays, how traditional architecture scope in Ternate ? Some cases can be mentioned following :

- Society of To-Lore which have thousands of year bear and compatible life with forest and land;ground in Middle Sulawesi plateau, possibly will is immediately removed and resettled to other area. Forest and dale in mountainside of Nokilalaki their place live this will be made by national park and preserve "Lore-Kalamanta". Surely dissociation lah drastically a kind of this, will generate culture decadence and totally disappeared an old tradition before us recognize exhaustively.

- Program "resettlement" directional and regular to External Bedouin society in West Java Kanekes to Single Mount is example which of a kind with society case of To-Lore. Sooner or later big possibility of Bedouin society In will experience of also his innings.

- Other example is program "downwards to the ground" what isn't it to society of Dayak in hinterland of East Kalimantan, which besides resettled effect of him settlement area of[is including forest which isn't it. They are also taught to remain one family in one house, no longger together with other families society.

- A lot of traditional building and environment have to be unloaded and broken effect of implementation of plan enlargement of road;street, or development "facility" new for environment (center shopping, white colars etc.), ad at town storey;level, sub-province and district.

Above example indicating that traditional environment and buildings nowadays reside in a period of transition where he is experiencing of big changes concidering tendency element to be totally disappeared. Desire to multiply efforts conduct record-keeping and recording of knowledge concerning traditional architecture is for the agenda of saving this knowledge in order not to annihilate at the same time annihilately itself architecture.

Research of traditional architecture in Ternate, Halmahera and its surroundings which isn't it in this article, is realization of above mentioned effort and desire. This research still is research early from plans similar research to be at many as possible traditional architectures other area in Indonesia. Research early this executed in framework "Pre Research Of History of Indonesian Architecture" by your Majors of History, Faculty Of Letters University of Indonesia.

RESEARCHS EARLY WHICH HAVE BEEN EXECUTED

1. Scope.

Research early this try to record traditional architecture as he is woke up and as it is from some locations in Ternate, Halmahera and its surroundings. Understanding of architecture, that way also far flung traditional architecture in fact.

Include;cover the parts of which seen as well as which do not seen. Pregnant of physical standard and symbolic and he haves also many natural aspects. As earliest phase this research limit at recording of fact of just physical of building related to residence or dwelling along with other building as his complement.

2. Method Research.

a. Determining example which presumably represent dwelling form or environment an region constructively existing bibliography and also interview in field.

b. Conducting measurement to building as a whole and parts of which lionized in pregnant meaning of rich study. To get impressions which was totally used by appliance make a picture so that visual description have been recorded like dark atmosphere / bold, colour, form, construction (relation/links) and complicated decoration forms.

c. To note possibility is existence of variant in a solution of architecture, existence of the parts of which have been altered or change of change of effect influence of weather and ikiim, interview with people looked into which was soybean cake in the field of pertinent by using cassette ribbon.

d. Connecting measurement datas with result description description interview and literature and pour him in the form of depiction return .

e. Result the obtained is datas in the form of measured pictures and scale as according to real situation.

3. Pickings Research Early.

Research pickings early this is areas architectures in Siko and Facei (in Ternate), Dokiri (in Tidore), Taraudu and Cempaka (in Sahu), Katana (in Tobelo) and Galela (in North Halmahera). Pictures and given descriptions here, taken and is some of is small the than data report materialses.

CONCLUSIONS WHEREAS

Pre-research which only perceiving facts of this is physical very limit by existing object, nature of perceived a success amount and him. In fact immeasurable more and more and also more and more many amounts of object perceived, will more and more refine result which earn to be obtained. At research early which have been done by this still assumed that obyek perceived to be to be tooed by a few so that in drawing result thereof researcher conducting many "rampatan" (generalization).

Therefore this pickings require to be considered to be result which still tentative.
From record result which have been collected, can be taken conclusions whereas showing traditional architecture generelizabilities of Ternate, Halmahera and its surroundings, as following :

a. Residence buildings generally concentris, consist of part of nucleus;core in the middle of and parts of outside encircling part of nucleus;core (external room).


b. This buildings some of standing with floors lifted ± 90 - 150 cm above land (in Siko, Pacei and Taraudu) and some of again direct with floor above land (in Dokiri, Katana and Galela).

c) Structure building are frame system (skeleton) of wood, combination and bamboo from both.

d. Building form are geometric, form remain to trapeze, with highest shares in form of saddle of room indication in as all important shares from home.

e. Construction material weared is local construction material, direct there are in that area like : wood for the frame of house; bamboo for especial bone of wall, for elementary bone of wall, for the materials of wall / floor (bamboo split); leaf of nipah for the materials of roof, and for the wall of his frond .

f. Especial pillar of house frame and elementary bone of wall stand up above stone umpak.

g. Solutions of construction extension detail and ability make miscellaneous of ornamen unique enough, showing the existence of big worker potency skilled.

h. Buildings give association at traditional ship form.

FURTHER POSSIBILITIES RESEARCH

In Report Pre-research of History of Indonesian Architecture, have been referred by further research possibilities, clear apply also for research continuation early to traditional architecture of Ternate and of Halmahera. Possibilities as following :

1. Records which have been obtained, is record of situation of one selected time. With other word, this recording at selected times in the future require to be reworked periodically but continuously so that can yield records able to show change a of later. This Continuous recording will be able to show promise will instructs change took a fancy to by someone or a group of pertinent society. Step hereinafter to check conduct of someone or a group of society, in face of each;every medial change form of this development.

2. Records which have been obtained, is guides record to complete embraced research method before all. With completed method similar researchs earn is immediately applied at other areas to enrich the amount of object perceived so that thereby generalizings which perforced to have isn't it at research pickings which can now be refined.

3. This research even also can open eye up at fact there will be of interrelationship between "trust" (namely psychological link among human being) with environments with exploiting or processing of object. This matter subject to symptoms of semiologic, methods of linguistic or creation of symbols, what in turn isn't it the part of communication environmental. Result of from this activity will include;cover various science area.

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Data wholy lapped over in •

Report Pre-Research Of History of Indonesian Architecture, Project Of Sectoral Study/ Regional No. 281/PSSR/DPPM/1977•

Traditional Report Data Study Architecture in Aceh, Sumba, North Moluccas. Pre- Research Of History of Indonesian Architecture. Indonesian Historical Science, Faculty Of Letters, University of Indonesia, 1978 - 1979
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So that, married is the starting point of extending family relation between clans (Soa) in Ternate community in order to support the extence of these clans and their position in the structure of traditional community of Ternate people.

In traditional married ceremony, families from both sides (clans) have a special ceremony before coming to wedding reception that is called: Saro-saro. Saro-saro is kind of ritual ceremony where many kinds of delicacies meals are symbolically served, which have philosophy sides meaning.

These kinds of delicacies meals are served by woman (mothers and aunts) of both candidates of brides, which is called: Yaya se Goa. Yaya se Goa have a very important role in the execution and the survival of the bride because they responsibled for the continuation and the united of the bride as well as the families in the future.

Kinds of meals served by Yaya se Goa have symbolic meanings for the bride, and also as blessing of God. These kinds of delicacies meals philosophically can be interpreted as follows.

Saro-saro consists of:

1. Sirikaya: made of eggs, sugar, coconut milk, and the essence of pandanut leaf. The taste of sirikaya: nice, greasy and delicious. The bride is hopefully be happy and resolute in facing the misfortune.
2. Kobo: bufallo ketupat (rice cookied in a fist-size of young coconut leaves). The characters of a bufallo is powerful, dilligent and loyal. It is hopefully, the husband could have this character and responsible in running the family.
3. Nanasi: pineaple ketupat. Pineaple hide is merciless and thorny but attractive and delicious. The attributes of pineaple hopefully be the characters of the wife, that is loyal to the household, and resolute in facing the temptation.

The second ceremony after saro-saro is what the Ternatenese called "Joko Kaha" to set foot on the land, wich has philosophical sense namely:

1. Fartago Grass placed on a plate symbolizes land and its plants in region of North Maluccas, that will be prepared in order to get food (Foot of both brides is stepped on fartago grass).
2. A bottle of pure water, symbolizes river and sea to be explored by the brides for the survival of the household. (The water is watered on the foot of the bride).
3. Pupulak, coloured rice, that is white, yellow, red, green, symbolizes various ethnics in region of North Maluccas, hopefully be friendly and kindness with the bride.

After completing these two kinds of ceremony the woman (mothers and aunts) or Yaya se Goa is served with the traditional meals; Ngogu Adat (see picture)namely:

1. Jaha (pali-pali): rice cooked in bamboo or wraped in sagu leaves. It is about fourty/fivety centimeters long, consists often (10) peaces tightly bundled and placed on plate. It symbolizes Ternate emperior navy ready to attact.
2. Dada (kukusang) turmeric rice: placed on a plate as mountain, symbolizes Ternate mountain (Kingdom), powerful and authority.
3. Fish and Eggplant: placed on a plate symbolizes the life of man and woman or sea and land.
4. Gulai: curry soup made of fish symbolizes the richness of the sea.
5. Gule-gule Tamelo: small green bean porridge, symbolizes the great of agriculture production.
6. Sirikaya: placed on a cup symbolizes character of Ternatenese leading by a leader (Kolano/King of Ternate).
7. Boboto or Boto-Boto: made of fish, coconut milk and eggs whice is wrapped with the leaves of banana with sic comers, it' is about five centimeters for each corner, placed on a plate consist of four, symbolizes that these are four leaders (Momole) who hold the power for the first time (about 1257). That is why every plate should be consist of four peaces of boboto with four persons not more or less.

That is ritual wedding ceremony with kinds of meal served; which has symbolic and philosophical sense for the Ternate people. This kind of traditional ceremony will be live and still a life in the present Temate community.

The island shares a unique history with the neighbouring states of Jailolo, Tidore and Bacan. All four share the same legendary past in which they form a cosmic whole, almost a separate universe or realm. In this universe, each state has its appointed place. Ternate forms the most important unit and its ruler is termed the Kolano Moloku (ruler of the Moluccas). Modern history, however, suggests that Ternate's position owes its place military triumphs, successfully concluded when it vanquished Tidore and Jailolo in 1380.

Located in the midst of the "Spice Islands", Ternate attracted the early attention of European explorers and merchants during the sixteenth century. The Portuguese were the first on the scene and began in local politics and religious affairs almost immediately. They constructed a strong fortress in 1522 and controlled affairs with utter ruthlessness. They deposed or killed rulers, poisoned heirs, and removed whole families removed to Malacca. St Francis Xavier visited the island, looking for converts in 1546. The murder of Sultan Khair ul-Jamal [Hairun], shortly after the conclusion of a treaty of peace, finally stirred the Moluccans into open revolt in 1574. The new Sultan's forces stormed the fortress of Sao Joao Bautista, took it on St Stephen's Day 1575, and expelled the Portuguese.

This substantial victory was not easily forgotten by the Portuguese, or their Spanish successors. The latter sent a strong naval force, which retook the fort in 1606 and removed Sultan Said to Manila. They then set about converting the Sultan and his family to Catholicism.

The arrival of Dutch in 1599 proved fortuitous to Kaicili Muzaffar, the youngest son of Sultan Said. He forged an alliance with the VOC, which enabled him to secure the throne in 1607. The grateful Sultan granted the VOC a lucrative contract with an exclusive spice concession in 1609. However, the embrace of the VOC proved too constricting, especially after they intervened in a succession dispute in 1650. Although a serious conflict erupted in 1683, the Dutch were now firmly established at Amboina, and defeat was inevitable. Thereafter, Ternate effectively became a Dutch protectorate.

Although relations with the Dutch remained peaceful, continuing rivalry with the Tidore resulted in sporadic outbreaks of conflict into the nineteenth century. The British took over control of the Dutch East Indies during the Napoleonic Wars. Having recognised "Nuku", the stormy petrel of Moluccan affairs as Sultan of Tidore, they were able to mediate an effective peace treaty between the two island rivals. However, this peace between the two has never been more than an uneasy one and rivalries continue into the present day.

Although there was an attempt to end the sultanate in 1876 and again in 1916, the Dutch colonial powers changed their minds and relented in the face of popular feeling. They restored the sultanate in 1927 and made no further attempts to destroy the institution.

The years of Japanese occupation and the post-war period of the independence struggle were not easy ones for the island. It formed an important element of Dutch attempts to create an Indonesian Federation in rivalry to the Javanese republican regime. The Sultan served in several important posts, so was "encouraged to spend his time" in an administrative post in Jakarta, after unification in 1950. Nevertheless, the republicans did not deprive him of his titles and honours, and his son and successor duly recognised after his death.

The position of the sultan remains one of significant influence, both politically and in the religious and cultural fields. Most recently, he attracted considerable odium for intervening in the Christian-Muslim riots and ethnic disturbances of 1999. He had tried to protect a minority ethnic group, most of whom followed Protestant faiths. The government exiled him in September 2000. (www.4dw.net)